18 November 2020

Melville: Moby Dick Kapitel 97 - 100

 CHAPTER 97 The Lamp

 Had you descended from the Pequod's try-works to the Pequod's forecastle, where the off duty watch were sleeping, for one single moment you would have almost thought you were standing in some illuminated shrine of canonized kings and counsellors. There they lay in their triangular oaken vaults, each mariner a chiselled muteness; a score of lamps flashing upon his hooded eyes. [...]

CHAPTER 98 Stowing Down and Clearing Up 

Already has it been related how the great leviathan is afar off descried from the mast-head; how he is chased over the watery moors, and slaughtered in the valleys of the deep; how he is then towed alongside and beheaded; and how (on the principle which entitled the headsman of old to the garments in which the beheaded was killed) his great padded surtout becomes the property of his executioner; how, in due time, he is condemned to the pots, and, like Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, his spermaceti, oil, and bone pass unscathed through the fire;—but now it remains to conclude the last chapter of this part of the description by rehearsing—singing, if I may—the romantic proceeding of decanting off his oil into the casks and striking them down into the hold, where once again leviathan returns to his native profundities, sliding along beneath the surface :is before; but, alas! never more to rise and blow. [...]

Nicolas Pethes Kapitel 98: Stowing Down and Clearing Up. 

Die Arbeit am Mythos der Jagd als eine Theorie des Erzählens

Auch das 98. Kapitel enthält, man kann es immer wieder sagen, den ganzen Roman  Moby-Dick in sich – in nuce, einer Nussschale, wenngleich einer stattlichen, der Pequod nämlich, die Ausgang und Ziel der Jagd auf den Wal ist: vom Erspähen des Opfers im Mastkorb über das Herablassen der Beiboote zur Aufhängung der Kadaver an den Längsseiten des Schiffs, wo ihnen Fleisch, Öl und Haut entnommen und unter den Schächernverteilt werden wie Christi Kleider nach der Kreuzigung. All das haben die vorangegangenen Kapitel Schritt für Schritt und detailliert erzählt, und genau so hebt das 98 . auch an: »Already has it been related ...«, als Erzählen vom bereits Erzählthaben also, in einer Zusammenfassung dessen, was bisher geschah, "previously on Moby-Dick: Already has it been related how the great Leviathan is afar off descried from the mast-head; how he is chased over the watery moors, and slaughtered inthe valleys of the deep; [...]
 Die anaphorische Reihung des »how« entfaltet und rafft eine Topik der Jagd – aber auch diejenige des Erzählens in Form listenförmiger Chroniken. Und als wäre die Gegenwart dieses Erzählens eine Gelenkstelle zwischen Vergangenheit und Zukunft, schlägt der Rück- in einen Vorblick um, in ein Erzählen vom Erzählenwerden, einen trailer des endgültigen Abschlusses der Geschichte: Nun also geht es an das Verstauen der Rohstoffe. Das Öl wird in Fässerabgefüllt und unter Deck gelagert, so dass der Wal, in seine Einzelteile zerlegt, wieder unter Wasser schwimmen wird und der Kreis der Jagd – und mit ihm der Roman – sich innerhalb dieser wenigen Zeilen schließt. 
Das Verstauen, das die erste Hälfte der Kapitelüberschrift ankündigt,ist also mehr als nur eine Station der Jagderzählung unter vielen. Es ist die Form dieser Erzählung selbst – das Verstauen all desjenigen, was bisher geschah und noch geschehen wird, in den ersten Absatz eines Kapitels, in dem das Erzählte nun also ebenso eingespeichert ist, wie das Walöl im Bauch der Pequod. Das 98. Kapitel kann mithin einmal mehr als eines gelesen werden, in dem der Roman Moby-Dick von sich selbst handelt [...] – in dem Sinne, in dem etwa Walter Benjamin Erzählen als »handwerkliche Form der Mitteilung« beschrieben hat, deren »Aufgabe [...] darin besteht, den Rohstoff der Erfahrungen – fremder und eigener – auf eine solide, nützliche und einmalige Art zu bearbeiten«, um ihn dadurch tradierbar zu machen. Das 98. Kapitel handelt von eben dieser Dialektik von Bearbeitung und Überlieferung: So, wie es eingangs auf die dem babylonischen Feuerofen unversehrt entstiegenen Kinder aus dem Buch Daniel verweist, werde nauch die Bestandteile des Wals wie das Geschehen seiner Jagd ›aufgehoben‹ – und zwar durchaus im Hegelschen Dreifachsinn von beseitigt, erhöht und bewahrt [...]" (mehr dazu hier)
Dieser Aufsatz von Nicolas Pethes liefert eine Theorie des Erzählens im Benjaminschen Sinne und weist im Einzelnen am Text nach, dass Melville sie schon hier im Text des 98. Kapitels am Beispiel seines Romans geliefert hat. Für die, die mit der Benjaminschen Erzähltheorie nicht vertraut sind, ist er also eine notwendige Erklärung dessen, was Melville in diesem Kapitel darstellen will.

CHAPTER 99 The Doubloon 

Ere now it has been related how Ahab was wont to pace his quarter-deck, taking regular turns at either limit, the binnacle and mainmast; but in the multiplicity of other things requiring narration it has not been added how that sometimes in these walks, when most plunged in his mood, he was wont to pause in turn at each spot, and stand there strangely eyeing the particular object before him. When he halted before the binnacle, with his glance fastened on the pointed needle in the compass, that glance shot like a javelin with the pointed intensity of his purpose; and when resuming his walk he again paused before the mainmast, then, as the same riveted glance fastened upon the riveted gold coin there, he still wore the same aspect of nailed firmness, only dashed with a certain wild longing, if not hopefulness. [...]

"There's something ever egotistical in mountain-tops and towers, and all other grand and lofty things; look here,— three peaks as proud as Lucifer. The firm tower, that is Ahab; the volcano, that is Ahab; the courageous, the undaunted, and victorious fowl, that, too, is Ahab; all are Ahab; and this round gold is but the image of the rounder globe, which, like a magician's glass, to each and every man in turn but mirrors back his own mysterious self. Great pains, small gains for those who ask the world to solve them; it cannot solve itself. Methinks now this coined sun wears a ruddy face; but see! aye, he enters the sign of storms, the equinox! and but six months before he wheeled out of a former equinox at Aries! From storm to storm! So be it, then. Born in throes, 't is fit that man should live in pains and die in pangs! So be it, then! Here's stout stuff for woe to work on. So be it, then." "No fairy fingers can have pressed the gold, but devil's claws must have left their mouldings there since yesterday," murmured Starbuck to himself, leaning against the bulwarks. "The old man seems to read Belshazzar's awful writing. I have never marked the coin inspectingly. He goes below; let me read. A dark valley between three mighty, heaven-abiding peaks, that almost seem the Trinity, in some faint earthly symbol. So in this vale of Death, God girds us round; and over all our gloom, the sun of Righteousness still shines a beacon and a hope. If we bend down our eyes, the dark vale shows her mouldy soil; but if we lift them, the bright sun meets our glance half way, to cheer. Yet, oh, the great sun is no fixture; and if, at midnight, we would fain snatch some sweet solace from him, we gaze for him in vain! This coin speaks wisely, mildly, truly, but still sadly to me. I will quit it, lest Truth shake me falsely."

CHAPTER 100 Leg and Arm; The Pequod of Nantucket, Meets the Samuel Enderby, of London

“Ship, ahoy!  Hast seen the White Whale?”

So cried Ahab, once more hailing a ship showing English colors, bearing down under the stern.  Trumpet to mouth, the old man was standing in his hoisted quarter-deck, his ivory leg plainly revealed to the stranger captain, who was carelessly reclining in his own boat’s bow.  He was a darkly-tanned, burly, goodnatured, fine-looking man, of sixty or thereabouts, dressed in a spacious roundabout, that hung round him in festoons of blue pilot-cloth; and one empty arm of this jacket streamed behind him like the broidered arm of a huzzar’s surcoat.

“Hast seen the White Whale!”

“See you this?” and withdrawing it from the folds that had hidden it, he held up a white arm of sperm whale bone, terminating in a wooden head like a mallet.

“Man my boat!” cried Ahab, impetuously, and tossing about the oars near him—“Stand by to lower!”

In less than a minute, without quitting his little craft, he and his crew were dropped to the water, and were soon alongside of the stranger.  But here a curious difficulty presented itself.  In the excitement of the moment, Ahab had forgotten that since the loss of his leg he had never once stepped on board of any vessel at sea but his own, and then it was always by an ingenious and very handy mechanical contrivance peculiar to the Pequod, and a thing not to be rigged and shipped in any other vessel at a moment’s warning.  Now, it is no very easy matter for anybody— except those who are almost hourly used to it, like whalemen— to clamber up a ship’s side from a boat on the open sea; for the great swells now lift the boat high up towards the bulwarks, and then instantaneously drop it half way down to the kelson.  So, deprived of one leg, and the strange ship of course being altogether unsupplied with the kindly invention, Ahab now found himself abjectly reduced to a clumsy landsman again; hopelessly eyeing the uncertain changeful height he could hardly hope to attain.

It has before been hinted, perhaps, that every little untoward circumstance that befell him, and which indirectly sprang from his luckless mishap, almost invariably irritated or exasperated Ahab.  And in the present instance, all this was heightened by the sight of the two officers of the strange ship, leaning over the side, by the perpendicular ladder of nailed cleets there, and swinging towards him a pair of tastefully-ornamented man-ropes; for at first they did not seem to bethink them that a one-legged man must be too much of a cripple to use their sea bannisters.  But this awkwardness only lasted a minute, because the strange captain, observing at a glance how affairs stood, cried out, “I see, I see!— avast heaving there!  Jump, boys, and swing over the cutting-tackle.”

As good luck would have it, they had had a whale alongside a day or two previous, and the great tackles were still aloft, and the massive curved blubber-hook, now clean and dry, was still attached to the end.  This was quickly lowered to Ahab, who at once comprehending it all, slid his solitary thigh into the curve of the hook (it was like sitting in the fluke of an anchor, or the crotch of an apple tree), and then giving the word, held himself fast, and at the same time also helped to hoist his own weight, by pulling hand-over-hand upon one of the running parts of the tackle.  Soon he was carefully swung inside the high bulwarks, and gently landed upon the capstan head.  With his ivory arm frankly thrust forth in welcome, the other captain advanced, and Ahab, putting out his ivory leg, and crossing the ivory arm (like two sword-fish blades) cried out in his walrus way, “Aye, aye, hearty! let us shake bones together!—an arm and a leg!— an arm that never can shrink, d’ye see; and a leg that never can run.  Where did’st thou see the White Whale?—how long ago?”

“The White Whale,” said the Englishman, pointing his ivory arm towards the East, and taking a rueful sight along it, as if it had been a telescope; There I saw him, on the Line, last season.”

“And he took that arm off, did he?” asked Ahab, now sliding down from the capstan, and resting on the Englishman’s shoulder, as he did so.

“Aye, he was the cause of it, at least; and that leg, too?”

“Spin me the yarn,” said Ahab; “how was it?”

“It was the first time in my life that I ever cruised on the Line,” began the Englishman.  “I was ignorant of the White Whale at that time.  Well, one day we lowered for a pod of four or five whales, and my boat fastened to one of them; a regular circus horse he was, too, that went milling and milling round so that my boat’s crew could only trim dish, by sitting all their sterns on the outer gunwale.  Presently up breaches from the bottom of the sea a bouncing great whale, with a milky-white head and hump, all crows’ feet and wrinkles.”

“It was he, it was he!” cried Ahab, suddenly letting out his suspended breath.

“And harpoons sticking in near his starboard fin.  Aye, aye— they were mine—my irons,” cried Ahab, exultingly—“but on!”

“Give me a chance, then,” said the Englishman, good-humoredly.  “Well, this old great-grandfather, with the white head and hump, runs all afoam into the pod, and goes to snapping furiously at my fast-line!”

“Aye, I see!—wanted to part it; free the fast-fish—an old trick— I know him.”

“How it was exactly,” continued the one-armed commander, “I do not know; but in biting the line, it got foul of his teeth, caught there somehow; but we didn’t know it then; so that when we afterwards pulled on the line, bounce we came plump on to his hump! instead of the other whale’s; that went off to windward, all fluking.  Seeing how matters stood, and what a noble great whale it was— the noblest and biggest I ever saw, sir, in my life—I resolved to capture him, spite of the boiling rage he seemed to be in.  And thinking the hap-hazard line would get loose, or the tooth it was tangled to might draw (for I have a devil of a boat’s crew for a pull on a whale-line); seeing all this, I say, I jumped into my first mate’s boat—Mr. Mounttop’s here (by the way, Captain—Mounttop; Mounttop—the captain);— as I was saying, I jumped into Mounttop’s boat, which, d’ye see, was gunwale and gunwale with mine, then; and snatching the first harpoon, let this old great-grandfather have it.  But, Lord, look you, sir—hearts and souls alive, man—the next instant, in a jiff, I was blind as a bat—both eyes out—all befogged and bedeadened with black foam—the whale’s tail looming straight up out of it, perpendicular in the air, like a marble steeple.  No use sterning all, then; but as I was groping at midday, with a blinding sun, all crown-jewels; as I was groping, I say, after the second iron, to toss it overboard—down comes the tail like a Lima tower, cutting my boat in two, leaving each half in splinters; and, flukes first, the white hump backed through the wreck, as though it was all chips.  We all struck out.  To escape his terrible flailings, I seized hold of my harpoon-pole sticking in him, and for a moment clung to that like a sucking fish.  But a combing sea dashed me off, and at the same instant, the fish, taking one good dart forwards, went down like a flash; and the barb of that cursed second iron towing along near me caught me here” (clapping his hand just below his shoulder); “yes, caught me just here, I say, and bore me down to Hell’s flames, I was thinking; when, when, all of a sudden, thank the good God, the barb ript its way along the flesh— clear along the whole length of my arm—came out nigh my wrist, and up I floated;—and that gentleman there will tell you the rest (by the way, captain—Dr. Bunger, ship’s surgeon:  Bunger, my lad,— the captain).  Now, Bunger boy, spin your part of the yarn.”

The professional gentleman thus familiarly pointed out, had been all the time standing near them, with nothing specific visible, to denote his gentlemanly rank on board.  His face was an exceedingly round but sober one; he was dressed in a faded blue woollen frock or shirt, and patched trowsers; and had thus far been dividing his attention between a marlingspike he held in one hand, and a pill-box held in the other, occasionally casting a critical glance at the ivory limbs of the two crippled captains.  But, at his superior’s introduction of him to Ahab, he politely bowed, and straightway went on to do his captain’s bidding.

“It was a shocking bad wound,” began the whale-surgeon; “and, taking my advice, Captain Boomer here, stood our old Sammy-”

“Samuel Enderby is the name of my ship,” interrupted the one-armed captain, addressing Ahab; “go on, boy.”

“Stood our old Sammy off to the northward, to get out of the blazing hot weather there on the Line.  But it was no use—I did all I could; sat up with him nights; was very severe with him in the matter of diet-”

“Oh, very severe!” chimed in the patient himself; then suddenly altering his voice, “Drinking hot rum toddies with me every night, till he couldn’t see to put on the bandages; and sending me to bed, half seas over, about three o’clock in the morning.  Oh, ye stars! he sat up with me indeed, and was very severe in my diet.  Oh! a great watcher, and very dietetically severe, is Dr. Bunger. (Bunger, you dog, laugh out! why don’t ye?  You know you’re a precious jolly rascal.) But, heave ahead, boy, I’d rather be killed by you than kept alive by any other man.”

“My captain, you must have ere this perceived, respected sir”— said the imperturbable godly-looking Bunger, slightly bowing to Ahab—“is apt to be facetious at times; he spins us many clever things of that sort.  But I may as well say—en passant, as the French remark—that I myself—that is to say, Jack Bunger, late of the reverend clergy—am a strict total abstinence man; I never drink-”

“Water!” cried the captain; “he never drinks it; it’s a sort of fits to him; fresh water throws him into the hydrophobia; but go on—go on with the arm story.”

“Yes, I may as well,” said the surgeon, coolly.  “I was about observing, sir, before Captain Boomer’s facetious interruption, that spite of my best and severest endeavors, the wound kept getting worse and worse; the truth was, sir, it was as ugly gaping wound as surgeon ever saw; more than two feet and several inches long.  I measured it with the lead line.  In short, it grew black; I knew what was threatened, and off it came.  But I had no hand in shipping that ivory arm there; that thing is against all rule”— pointing at it with the marlingspike—“that is the captain’s work, not mine; he ordered the carpenter to make it; he had that club-hammer there put to the end, to knock some one’s brains out with, I suppose, as he tried mine once.  He flies into diabolical passions sometimes.  Do ye see this dent, sir”—removing his hat, and brushing aside his hair, and exposing a bowl-like cavity in his skull, but which bore not the slightest scarry trace, or any token of ever having been a wound— “Well, the captain there will tell you how that came there; he knows.”

“No, I don’t,” said the captain, “but his mother did; he was born with it.  Oh, you solemn rogue, you—you Bunger! was there ever such another Bunger in the watery world?  Bunger, when you die, you ought to die in pickle, you dog; you should be preserved to future ages, you rascal.”

“What became of the White Whale?” now cried Ahab, who thus far had been impatiently listening to this byeplay between the two Englishmen.

“Oh!” cried the one-armed captain, Oh, yes!  Well; after he sounded, we didn’t see him again for some time; in fact, as I before hinted, I didn’t then know what whale it was that had served me such a trick, till some time afterwards, when coming back to the Line, we heard about Moby Dick—as some call him—and then I knew it was he.”

“Did’st thou cross his wake again?”

“Twice.”

“But could not fasten?”

“Didn’t want to try to; ain’t one limb enough?  What should I do without this other arm?  And I’m thinking Moby Dick doesn’t bite so much as he swallows.”

“Well, then,” interrupted Bunger, “give him your left arm for bait to get the right.  Do you know, gentlemen”—very gravely and mathematically bowing to each Captain in succession—“Do you know, gentlemen, that the digestive organs of the whale are so inscrutably constructed by Divine Providence, that it is quite impossible for him to completely digest even a man’s arm?  And he knows it too.  So that what you take for the White Whale’s malice is only his awkwardness.  For he never means to swallow a single limb; he only thinks to terrify by feints.  But sometimes he is like the old juggling fellow, formerly a patient of mine in Ceylon, that making believe swallow jack-knives, once upon a time let one drop into him in good earnest, and there it stayed for a twelvemonth or more; when I gave him an emetic, and he heaved it up in small tacks, d’ye see?  No possible way for him to digest that jack-knife, and fully incorporate it into his general bodily system.  Yes, Captain Boomer, if you are quick enough about it, and have a mind to pawn one arm for the sake of the privilege of giving decent burial to the other, why, in that case the arm is yours; only let the whale have another chance at you shortly, that’s all.”

“No, thank you, Bunger,” said the English Captain, “he’s welcome to the arm he has, since I can’t help it, and didn’t know him then; but not to another one.  No more White Whales for me; I’ve lowered for him once, and that has satisfied me.  There would be great glory in killing him, I know that; and there is a ship-load of precious sperm in him, but, hark ye, he’s best let alone; don’t you think so, Captain?”—glancing at the ivory leg.

“He is.  But he will still be hunted, for all that.  What is best let alone, that accursed thing is not always what least allures.  He’s all a magnet!  How long since thou saw’st him last?  Which way heading?”

“Bless my soul, and curse the foul fiend’s,” cried Bunger, stoopingly walking round Ahab, and like a dog, strangely snuffing; “this man’s blood—bring the thermometer!—it’s at the boiling point!— his pulse makes these planks beat!—sir!”—taking a lancet from his pocket, and drawing near to Ahab’s arm.

“Avast!” roared Ahab, dashing him against the bulwarks—“Man the boat!  Which way heading?”

“Good God!” cried the English Captain, to whom the question was put.  “What’s the matter?  He was heading east, I think.—Is your Captain crazy?” whispering Fedallah.

But Fedallah, putting a finger on his lip, slid over the bulwarks to take the boat’s steering oar, and Ahab, swinging the cutting-tackle towards him commanded the ship’s sailors to stand by to lower.

In a moment he was standing in the boat’s stern, and the Manilla men were springing to their oars.  In vain the English Captain hailed him.  With back to the stranger ship, and face set like a flint to his own, Ahab stood upright till alongside of the Pequod. (Melville: Moby Dick Chapter 97 - 100)


Für die, endlich wissen wollen, wie der Roman ausgeht, folgt im folgenden Blogpost auf Deutsch handlungsstark (und gekürzt) der Schluss des Romans übersetzt und bearbeitet von Wilhelm Strüver beginnend mit der deutschen Fassung des 100. Kapitels, die in der bearbeiteten Fassung als Kapitel 44 zählt.

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